What is Diapsalmata - 1230 Words

Cynicism and Despair Soren Kierkegaard’s approach to writing Either/Or may be one of the most fascinating, clever, genius, and complex pieces I have ever had the pleasure of reading. The first of his many works published pseudonymously, Either/Or studies the first two of Kierkegaard’s three stages of existential living--aesthetic and ethical. By writing under four pseudonyms throughout the two volumes, Kierkegaard removes his personal beliefs and allows the reader to make their own choice on the best way to live. Throughout this essay, I will explore how Kierkegaard begins Either/Or with a chapter entitled, â€Å"Diapsalamata,† which is a collection of aphorisms and anecdotes, all with the overlaying themes of cynicism and despair. Before beginning a discussion of â€Å"Diapsalmata,† a short beginning to an 800-page philosophical giant, a background to Soren Kierkegaard and his life work is a must. Widely considered to be the â€Å"Father of Existentialism,† Soren Kierkegaard was a 19th century philosopher and social critic born in Denmark. His work resulted in a 20th century movement towards higher existential thinking, influencing many famed philosophers like Albert Camus and Franz Kafka. Kierkegaard’s beliefs were highly influenced by Greek philosophers Socrates and Plato, where he explored how individuals make personal choices and commitments, rather than society as a collective whole. His writing style was rather unusual, removing himself from authorship and often using

Substance Abuse As A Predictor Of Divorce - 1368 Words

Abstract This literature review focuses on substance abuse and how it correlates with divorce; specifically within the context of concordant and discordant substance abuse in married couples. It aims to assess how substance abuse impacts marital satisfaction, and if indeed it has an effect on subsequent separation and divorce. This paper will review previous studies that concluded that alcohol is a predictor of divorce, as well as those that have concluded that it is not necessarily the substance abuse itself but rather the discrepancy in the amount of substance abuse taking place between the spouses themselves. Substance abuse is becoming one of the biggest reasons why individuals, couples and families decide to seek mental†¦show more content†¦For the purpose of this paper I will utilize the concept of substance abuse, but I will mostly be referring to alcohol as this is what most of the research is based on. Review of Literature Relationship between alcohol and divorce Alcohol use is common in the United States, and married couples are no exception. Even though alcohol consumption tends to be lower for married couples, it is still very prevalent in our society (Ostermann et al. 2005). Substance abuse has many known negative physical and mental consequences; it is common knowledge that it contributes to overall lower marital satisfaction, and studies show that it correlates with more negative and fewer positive interactions, and that it contributes to higher rates of domestic violence (Marshal, 2003). In addition to that, there are high rates of comorbidity between substance abuse and psychiatric disorders, consequently it is almost impossible to completely isolate substance abuse from other factors which might contribute to marital dissolution (Amato and Rogers, 1997). Many researchers have studied the correlation between substance abuse and divorce and that literature suggests that substance abuse lowers marital satisfaction which consequently end s in divorce (Fu Goldman, 2000). Amato and Previtt (2003) found that

Distinguishing Bipolar and Bpd Disorders Free Essays

Distinguishing Bipolar and BPD Disorders Tonjanika Boyd North Carolina Central University Introduction Bipolar and Borderline Personality Disorder are mood and personality disorder respectively, that have had many challenges amongst psychiatrist in differentiation. Not only does the two disorders share several symptoms and associated impairments, there is also continuing debates in the psychiatric literature about whether the two disorders actually represent different conditions (Hatchet, 2010). The following paper compares and contrasts Bipolar and Borderline Personality Disorders and discusses implications of differential diagnosis of the disorders that can lead to long-term effects for the patient due to the fundamentally different treatment each disorder needs. We will write a custom essay sample on Distinguishing Bipolar and Bpd Disorders or any similar topic only for you Order Now Comparison of Bipolar and Borderline Personality Disorder Bipolar Disorder According to the Diagnostic and Statistics Manual of Mental Disorder, 4th edition Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR), bipolar is a recurrent mood disorder featuring one or more episodes of mania or mixed episodes of mania and depression (Antai-Otong, 2008). The bipolar disorders include, bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, cyclothymic, and bipolar NOS disorders. Bipolar I disorder includes one or more manic or mixed episodes, usually with a major depressive episode. Bipolar II disorder includes one or two major depressive episodes and at least one hypomanic episode. Cyclothymic disorder includes at least 2 years of hypomanic periods that do not meet the criteria for the other disorders. Bipolar NOS, does not meet any of the other bipolar criteria. The etiology of Bipolar disorder has been researched and documented for many years and has many theories and perspectives. Causative factors include psychodynamic, existential, cognitive behavioral and developmental and complex biologic and genetic factors (Antai-Otong, 2008). Signs and Symptoms (s/s) of Bipolar disorder varies from the type of episode they patient is experiencing. Major depressive episodes include a depressed mood or lose of interest for at least 2 weeks and five or more of the following: Significant weight loss or gain, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue, worthless feelings or inappropriate guilt, problem concentrating or recurrent thoughts of death. Manic episodes s/s includes, persistent elevated irritable mood of more than one week, increased self-esteem, decreased sleep, increased, increase talk and pressured speech, racing thoughts and ideas, distractibility, extreme goal-directed activity, excessive buying, sex and business investments (Pederson, 2012). In order to have successful treatment of bipolar disorder, a holistic approach is the best therapy. This includes, pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic interventions. Pharmacologic include mood stabilizers, anti-depressants, anti-psychotics and electroconvulsive therapy. There has been a controversy with the use of anti-depressants for treatment due to its effect with mood stabilizers. It is not a mainstay, but is still prescribe when they are not sure if it is unipolar or bipolar, but becomes dangerous when switching from a depressive episode to a manic or hypomanic episode (Antai-Otong, 2011). Electroconvulsive therapy is the last resort if the mood stabilizers and anti-psychotics fail or when an immediate intervention is needed. Psychotherapeutic intervention is mostly where the nursing care is used more frequently. Psychosocial and behavioral intervention, both fall under the umbrella of psychotherapeutic treatment and are important for more positive treatment outcomes. If a patient is in the acute phase, the nurses’ main focuses are safety and maintain a therapeutic milieu that facilitates resolution of symptoms and minimizes complications. The nurse also educated the client and family about medications, treatment options and other psychotherapies (Antai-Otong, 2011). Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) BPD originated in the 1930’s, when it was used to describe patients who were on the â€Å"border† between neuroses and psychosis. It is the most common complex and severely impairing personality disorders. According to DSM-IV, it is a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, affect and marked impulsivity (Swift, 2009). The etiology of BPD includes, genetic predisposition, family history of mood disorders and maybe related to bipolar disorder, physical and sexual abuse. About 2% of the population experiences BPD and mostly female. The symptoms of BPD are maladaptive behavior learnt to make sense of the world and to manage the persistent negative messages received (Eastwick Grant, 2005). Signs and symptoms, consists of patterns of unstable interpersonal relationships, fear of abandonment, splitting (love or hate), impulsiveness in sex, substance abuse, binge eating and reckless driving, suicidal gestures, such as self-mutilation, intense mood changes that last for hours, chronic emptiness, intense anger and transient paranoid ideation (Pedersen, 2012). Managing BPD is challenging and can be emotionally and physically draining for the nurse involved and other members of the healthcare team. The nurse-patient relationship is frequently confrontational due to the patient difficulty with interpersonal relationships and dysfunctional emotional regulation, which results in aggression towards the nurse. Evidence has shown that people experiencing BPD are more likely to harm themselves than others (Swift, 2009). Treatment of BPD requires an integrated psychobiologic approach that includes, pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic interventions. This combination is called psychopharmacologic therapy. There have been many variations of drugs used to treat BPD, due to limited success. There has been limited success in the use of psychotropic medications in clients with borderline personality disorder. Mood stabilizers, anti-depressants and anti-psychotics are only effective in providing relief in the symptoms of difficulty controlling behaviors, impulsivity, self-injurious behaviors and depression (Antai-Otong, 2011). Diagnostic Dilemma of Bipolar and BPD Disorder According to the criteria outlined in the DSM-IV-TR there is a systematic difference between patients with BPD and bipolar disorder. It was found that patients with bipolar II exhibited mood swings that varied between euthymia, elation and depression and mood swings with BPD rotated between euthymia, anger and anxiety. A diagnosis between the two boiled down to how the emotional and behavioral instability exhibited by a client is conceptualized. In other words, a counselor must decide whether the symptoms are best attributed to an acute mood disorder or they are just the latest manifestations of a more chronic problem (Hatchett, 2010). The challenge is not the case of being able to rule out acute episodes of mania, but when assessing the possibility of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder or a mixed episode. The actual definition of rapid cycling is often misunderstood in the mental health community and ruling out mixed episode is even a greater test in distinguishing between bipolar and BPD, due to many patients not having an accurate history of their symptoms. This is important because, according to DSM-IV-TR (2000) â€Å"The individual experiences rapidly alternating moods (sadness, irritability, euphoria) accompanied by symptoms of a Manic Episode†¦and a Major Depressive Episode† (p. 362). It becomes difficult and nearly impossible to distinguish a mixed episode from the chronic anger and dysphoria common to those with BPD. Repercussions for differentiating between the disorders for treatment are evident for counselors who are responsible for creating and implementing treatment plans. Accurate diagnosis is fundamental for effective treatment. A diagnosis of Bipolar disorder is treated with psychoactive medication, whereas for BPD patients, that is not effective as a mainstay of therapy. When BPD is appropriately diagnosed, it encompasses a more holistic approach of intervention strategies, such as dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). Those who consider BPD to be a variant of bipolar disorder contend that treatment should proceed with mood stabilizers and atypical anti-psychotics and those on the other side of the debate recommend an intensive psychotherapy model, such as DBT (Hatchett, 2010). Conclusion Careful consideration to distinguish more accurately the difference between an acute mood disorder and a more chronic and pervasive personality disorder through the diagnostic process is essential. A mood disorder is discerned by distinct episodes of mania, hypomania, or depression that continue for specified periods and a personality disorder is characterized by persistent and rigid patterns of maladaptive behavior and intrapersonal experience that influence areas of functioning. I feel the debate between differential diagnosis of these disorders can at least shift towards a solution by considering an overhaul in the definition and placement of mood and personality disorders in Axis I and II. Through Axis II was developed to encourage clinicians to consider more enduring personality characteristics that may impact treatment, as Fowler et al (2007) pointed out, some Axis I disorders are actually more chronic than many Axis II disorders, which are more likely to remit than is commonly believed. Also, I noticed through my research that maybe there needs to be another type of assessment tool created when assessing patients for mood or personality disorders or specific training on how to distinguish between BPD an bipolar disorder to ensure more accurate diagnosis. For the DSM-V now being drafted, proposals have been made to either eliminate personality disorders altogether or integrate theme into Axis I. In that scenario BDP might be reclassified as a mood or impulse control disorder (Hatchett, 2010). Distinguishing between Bipolar and BPD disorder is significant for the patient, treatment teams, family and mental health community, due to the major difference in the treatment plans for each disorder. Recognizing which disorder the patient has is fundamental in positive outcomes as they progress through the proper comprehensive psychopharmacologic therapy. References American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed. , text rev. ). doi:10. 1176/appi. books. 9780890423349. Antai-Otong, D. (2008). Psychiatric Nursing: Biological and Behavioral Concepts, 2nd ed. , Thomson, Delmar Learning. Hatchett, G. T. (2010). Differential Diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder from Bipolar Disorder: Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 32:3, 189-205. Pederson, D. D. (2012). Psych Notes: Clinical Pocket Guide, 3rd ed. , F. A. Davis Co. Philadelphia. Swift, E. (2009). Borderline personality disorder: aetiology, presentation and therapeutic relationship: Mental Health Nursing, 13:3, 22-25. How to cite Distinguishing Bipolar and Bpd Disorders, Papers

Chinese and English language Studies †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Chinese and English language Studies. Answer: Introduction The article that has been chosen for the purpose of the critical review is Yang, H.H., Craig, R. and Farley, A., (2015). A review of Chinese and English language studies on corporate environmental reporting in China. This particular academic journal aims to review the aspect of Corporate Environmental Reporting in China and the role of the Government in the driving the alterations in the CER. They reflect the fact that the prevalent accounting theory in the Chinese corporate economy has been the Agency theory. Moreover, it has been found out that the corporate environmental reporting in China should be sensitive to a higher degree. This particular article aims to incorporate the institutional theory for the purpose of framing the analysis of the Chinese corporate environmental reporting. This particular study aims to carry out a critical review of the chosen article in terms of the determination of the research question, the outcomes of the article and the theoretical framework that underpins the research. Research Question The research problem or question that has been reflected in the selected academic journal essentially refers to the issues related to the crucial data that needs to be conveyed to the international stakeholders of business. This can be further defined by the fact that China has been long facing the issue of obtaining economic growth by incurring a gradually declining quality of the environment and increasing levels of inequity in the social strata. These issues have focused more on the framework of corporate environmental reporting that should be carried out by the business entities in China. Therefore, the particular research question that can be developed in this particular case is that the finding of the particular method in which the international stakeholders in regards to the special Corporate Environmental Reporting (CER) issues like the issues that have been raised in relation to the environmental components like carbon or water in China (Flick 2014). Moreover, the second issue in regards to which the second research question can be framed is that the credibility of the environmental reports that are prepared by the Chinese business entities need to be properly evaluated and analyzed. There is no particular framework for measuring the effectiveness of the environmental reports. Moreover, no particular guideline has been provided in regards to the amount and kind of disclosures that should be included in the environmental reports by the listed entities. Therefore, the research question can be framed as t what is the particular way in which the credibility of the environmental report can be determined (Patten 2016). Therefore, these are the research questions that can be developed from the academic journal. Interesting factor about the article This particular article aims to define the institutional transition of China from the bureaucratic secrecy to openness. The policies and the guidelines that have been guiding the politics, society and economics of China including the accounting regulations have been secretly maintained and regulated for a long time. The Governmental bodies in China or the bureaucracy had been controlling the flow of information in regards to the internal issues of the nation to the outside world. This further made it easy for the government executives and the CPC to control and maintan the political power. Moreover, the practice of maintaining secrecy helped the controlling or the governmental bodies in China to suit the needs in regards to the centrally planned economy. However, this practice was gradually changed when the transition of a market-oriented economy had started in China. This challenged the nations policy of secrecy in large because of the particular that the maintenance of institutiona lized secrecy would lead to corruption and fraud in the general structure of business (Best and Kahn 2016). Moreover, the discontent that had been growing in the population of the nation on account of environmental degradation has resulted in the increased demand for transparency in the corporate affairs related to the environment. The governmental body ruling China (CPC) and the central government in China were heavily pressurized for the purpose of promotion of the aspect of transparency and awareness of the public in regards to the environmental operations of the Chinese business entities. Are the outcomes important? The outcome of the public discontent had been that the business institutions had been more open in nature. They have been pressurizing the Chinese academics to publish the requirements. This resulted in the analysis of the Chinese academics that revealed the fact that the pressure was the highest in regards to the work related stress factor. Furthermore, the Chinese government reviewed the academic journals for the purpose of checking their political correctness. This ultimately resulted in the emergence of the research in regards to the Corporate Environmental Reporting (Bryman 2015). Research philosophy or motivation of the author The particular reason that motivated the author to conduct the required research is that the changing trend in regards to the political and economic transition had resulted in the change in the Chinese Corporate Environmental Reporting. It had been the financial years of 2006 and 2007, when the corporate entities in China had started incorporating the particular approach in regards to CER in the sustainability reports of the business entities. Furthermore, it had been mentioned in the article that the it was the year of 2008, that marked the rapid growth in the CER reporting by the Chinese business entities. Such an improvement in regards to the economy in China motivated the author to write this particular academic journal (Huertas 2016). Theory that underpins the research The theoretical framework that underpins the research is the Corporate Environmental Reporting. The aspect of corporate environmental reporting refers to the different means via which the corporate entities disclose the related information in regards to the environmental activities undertaken by the organization (Domhoff and Fox 2015). The corporate environmental reports can be categorized as a singular form of environmental reporting. It is one of a kind report that is issued by the companies publicly for letting the stakeholders and the external world know about its achievements in regards to its environmental activities. This is the primary theory that had been underpinning the research as the emergence of the corporate environmental reporting in China has been discussed in details in cit chosen article. Key motivation literature on which the study depends The key motivating pieces of literature that on which the study depends are citations from the academic journals that have been used by the authors. The academic journals that have been utilized are in the nature of citation. These key pieces of literature can be listed down as follows: Yin, YJ. A comparative study of the peer review system of academic journals between China and the West. Journal of Zhejiang University (Humanities and Social Sciences? 2012; 42 (4), 201-16 Yang XS, Zhang GF, Liu X, Yu YC, Feng CY. Analysis of the effectiveness of Chinese accounting research: A review of accounting papers published from 1980 to 2002 in Accounting Research (). Accounting Research 2005; (3), 76-84. Li X, Jiang Y, Gao H. Thirty years (19782008) of financial accounting theoretical studies in China: Review, reflection and future development. In W. Liu J.M. Liu (Eds.), Thirty Years of Chinese Accounting Reform (pp. 411423). Beijing:China Finance and Economics Publishing; 2009 Research method A variety of research methods have been utilized in conducting the research in regards to this particular case study. The different methods that have been adopted are face-to-face interviews, surveys, questionnaires, detailed analysis of the corporate sustainability reports, detailed analysis of the corporate environmental report, corporate environmental reporting disclosures that are available on the internet and the ascertainment of the quantitative features of the sustainability reports of the companies. The research studies that had been utilized for the preparation of the chosen article has been ranging between the time period of 1997 and 2005. These research papers in turn have acquired the required data or information by the particular technique of publishing of questionnaires to the management bodies like the business managers and the accountants of the organizations. Moreover, relevant data has also been obtained from the annual reports of the companies. It must be noted here that a major portion of the financial data has been obtained from the annual financial reports. Therefore, it can be evidently concluded that the nature of data that has been collected for the purpose of constructing the research has been secondary. This means that the data has been collected from already existing resources and not from any kind of direct source. Thus, it can be concluded that the source of the data has been secondary in nature (Hair 2015). Sample size The aspect of sample size refers to the most important feature of an empirical study. The primary objective of targeting a sample size is that the inferences of the research study are to be made in regards to a particular group of the population from a sample. A sample size that is used in case of a particular research study might be based upon expense in regards to the collection of data and the requirement to have statistical power. In case of the chosen article the time period that has been taken as a sample size is the time period ranging between 1992 to 2007 (Hair 2015). Validity and reliability of the paper The aspect of validity and reliability are the most important characteristics of a research study. It must be noted here that the aspect of validity refers to the presented information or analysis that is carried out in the selected study is valid. This is because a research study that is published, is often used as a secondary source by other users for the purpose of further study. Validity of a research study is one of the primary features of a research paper that is demanded by the users of these papers. The aspect of validity of a research paper depends on the validity of the resources from which the relevant data has been collected (Sekaran and Bougie 2016). Reliability, on the other hand, refers to the degree to which the findings or conclusion of the research study that have been acquired on the basis of the conducted analysis can be trusted to an optimum degree or level (Sekaran and Bougie 2016). The chosen piece of literature is featured with an optimum degree of validity and reliability. However, the only issue with the study is that the references that have been utilized are too old. This means that the data or the academic journals that has been referred to, dates back to 1997. The utilization of more current references would be proper. Analysis of the results The results obtained have been analyzed on the basis of different accounting theories like the agency theory, legitimacy theory. stakeholder theory, positive accounting theory and institutional theory. There has been no weakness in regards to the process that has been employed in analyzing the obtained results. Moreover, the utilization of the different accounting theories make the findings more relevant and applicable. It can be further concluded that has been no separate section in regards to the conclusion of the selected piece of literature. However, in the concluding remarks section of the study it can be evidently stated that the findings, the agency and positive accounting theory dominate the CER in China, has been properly concluded. References Best, J.W. and Kahn, J.V., 2016. Research in education. Pearson Education India. Braun, R., Benedict, M., Wendler, H. and Esswein, W., 2015, May. Proposal for requirements driven design science research. In International Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems (pp. 135-151). Springer, Cham. Bryman, A., 2015. Social research methods. Oxford university press. Domhoff, G.W. and Fox, K.C., 2015. Dreaming and the default network: A review, synthesis, and counterintuitive research proposal. Consciousness and cognition, 33, pp.342-353. Flick, U., 2014. An introduction to qualitative research. Sage. Hair, J.F., 2015. Essentials of business research methods. ME Sharpe. Huertas, A., 2016. Decision support system for feeding policy selection in production settings: Research proposal. Padgett, D.K., 2016. Qualitative methods in social work research (Vol. 36). Sage Publications. Patten, M.L., 2016. Proposing empirical research: A guide to the fundamentals.Finance Taylor Francis. Sekaran, U. and Bougie, R., 2016. Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley Sons. Thomas, J.R., Silverman, S. and Nelson, J., 2015. Research methods in physical activity, 7E. Human kinetics.

A Description of Life in the Treches During WWll essays

A Description of Life in the Treches During WWll essays A Description of Life in the German Trenches during WWI In an age driven by technology, the face of war has changed so dramatically that wars can now be fought on digital battle fields from ships that volley missiles capable of devastating entire armies at distances measured in hundreds of miles. It is far cry from life experienced by soldiers in WWI whose only protection from the nearby enemy lines merely feet away were miles of cold and shallow trenches that zig zagged their way across Western Europe. Carl Zuckmayer, a writer and WWI veteran, describes his experiences in the trenches on the Western front of the war and the effect it had on his life and political views during post war years in his autobiography entitled, A Part of Myself. Born in 1896 and only seventeen at the outbreak of war in 1914, Zuckmayer was a gifted poet whose leftist political views had a major influence on his initial disapproval of the war. I will never kill anyone. I would rather go to prison (Zuckmayer 141) was his response when asked about whether or not he would join the army. However, upon returning home from his summer vacation, he was quickly swept up in the patriotic euphoria of the German people were. He writes I remember precisely what I was feeling...something was entering me-not like an infection, but rather like some form of radiation, like a completely novel, tingling current, as if I had put my hand on the grip of an electrified machine (142). This renewed sense of national pride was fueled by the mass belief that a war with France and Russia would be a quick and victorious one. As with the rest of the German people at that time, he would comes to find out in the following years that this is would not the case. However, it sparked enough of a fire inside him that in August of 1914, along with his schoolmates, he dismissed his leftist views and enlisted in the German Army. He states...

The Movie About Family Relations Family Systems

The Movie About Family Relations Family Systems The movie explains family relations. It is noted that one family member may influence the behavior of others. From the movie, it is evident that the family plays a critical role in the life of an individual since it restrains behavior (Knapp, Womack, 2003). Agency-structure theory suggests that the individual does not exist freely in society. However, individuals are influenced by the dynamics of society, such as the family.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Movie About Family Relations: Family Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The movie aims at conveying the purposive nature of human activity as opposed to its constrained aspect. In the movie, it can be observed that social life is largely determined by group life. This would mean the existence of an individual could be explained as an outcome of the structure. From the movie, the family is portrayed as an agent that can either restrain or promote individu al behavior. In a family setup, some forms of interactions usually take place. Family members exchange both material and non-material goods through actions and messages. These exchanges result to interactions, which would take various forms, depending on the nature of the family. Social interactions would sometimes be repetitive and habitual. If interactions become habitual, they might form a certain pattern. This is referred to as patterned social interaction. In this regard, each family member would be expected to demonstrate certain forms of behavior. In this article, two forms of interactions would be compared. Two major forms of social changes would also be compared, which are the first-order and the second-order change. In the film, command is used to influence Ana to defer her studies in favor of employment. In the Latino culture, a woman was supposed to help her family immediately she graduates from high school. Ana’s parents issued a command that she had to obey soci etal rules and assist her mother in undertaking domestic chores. Since it is a traditional society, actors in the movie use command quite often to demand for attention. Ana’s mother accused her of becoming irresponsible when she decided to quit employment and go back to school. In the film, women do not enjoy societal freedoms since they are supposed to be providers and caregivers. Regarding interactions, content and process interactions exist among family members in the movie. Content interactions take place when members of the family come together to discuss major problems affecting them. Moreover, family members would come up with suggestions on how to end problems.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In particular, individuals in the family would be required to highlight the causes of problems. In the movie, content interactions are portrayed in many ways. When Ana finishes high school, her parents never hesitate to inform her that the family is facing many problems and she is the only hope (Lee, 1982). The family agrees that problems would be eliminated if Ana starts working instead of joining college. Content interaction is always the main form of interaction in the backward societies, such as the one portrayed in the movie. There are no clear modes of conflict resolution. On the other hand, process interaction refers to the actions whose main aim is to achieve certain objectives. Process interaction entails thorough evaluation of a problem before coming up with a solution. In the movie, this form of interaction takes place when Ana is about to go back to school. It is after a critical review of her life that Ana decides to quit employment. The mother is reluctant to give in to Ana’s demands. Process interaction involves emotions whereby family members express deep concern. Ana’s mother could not see her daughter leave her and she decides to lock herself in a room. Ana is also overwhelmed by emotions when she leaves for Columbia. Wiener’s cybernetics theory and the systems theory talk about how human beings change over time. Wiener noted that a human being would stretch his or her hand until he or she reaches an object. The theory is used in social sciences to explain the process of change. It means that an individual would not relax until he or she obtains what he or she wants. In the movie, Ana never gives up on her studies. She always admires female professionals and things that one day she could make it. The theory differentiates between first-order change and second-order change. First-order change means championing for the same thing over several years (Salkovskis, 1996). This is the kind of change advocated by Ana. She insists that she wants to be a professional woman and believes that this could be achieved through education. First-order change is non-transformational and is reversible. It is reversible because Ana accepts to join the local industry as a casual laborer but decides to quit after some time.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Movie About Family Relations: Family Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More She never needed any information to change her mind implying that first-order change does not need new learning techniques. Second-order change involves accepting the reality due to certain forces. Ana’s father realized that he had to allow her daughter to pursue high education because the world was changing at a faster rate. References Knapp, J. V., Womack, K. (2003). Reading the family dance: Family systems therapy and literary study. Newark: University of Delaware Press. Lee, G. R. (1982). Family structure and interaction: A comparative analysis. Philadelphia: Lippincott. Salkovskis, P. M. (1996). Frontiers of cognitive therapy. New York [u.a.: Guilford Press.

Film Studies Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Film Studies - Movie Review Example Thesis Statement: "The Green Mile," is an intermittently powerful and meticulously crafted drama that falls short of its full potential due to considerable over-length and some shopworn, simplistic notions at its center which could have been arranged and prioritized through editing. The story is primarily around an inmate called John Coffey. He is a seven-foot black man who is convicted of raping and killing two small white girls. He is a very quiet man and afraid of the dark: this coupled with his enormous size makes him a very memorable man. John Coffey is not able to do such things as tie a knot, and is described as "knowing his own name and not much else." During the primary period of the story there are two other inmates on the block on which the story concentrates. These are Eduard Delacroix, a french man convicted or arson, rape and murder. Delacrioix has a pet mouse called Mr. Jingles, who is able to perform tricks. The other inmate is William Wharton: a tough and boasting character, claiming to be a modern Billy the Kid. After John Coffey arrives the warders realize that he has a special gift. The captain of the guard, Paul Edgecomb, has a urinary infection, which is causing him extreme discomfort. John Coffey realizes this, and when in distance of Pau l, grabs him and heels him. Paul is naturally flabbergasted by this. John Coffey is set to be executed, and the guards realize they have to execute a man with a "gift from God." John Coffey also has the ability to see people's thoughts or memories. William Wharton grabs Coffey's arm, and Coffey sees Wharton's memory of killing the two little girls that Coffey has been convicted of. Coffey transfers this image to Paul, the chief of the guard. By this Paul knows that Coffey is an innocent man. The warders now realize that they have to execute an innocent man with a "gift from God." Identify one theme or message of the movie. Because The Green Mile is an anti-capital punishment exemplum, characters are defined morally in the simplest terms. The director emphasizes the fundamental humanity of the two men who are the first to be executed, Arlen Bitterbuck and Eduard Delacroix. While Frank Darabont tells the audience that the two men are murderers, he shows them speaking and acting with such dignity, love, and simple faith that one perceives their executions as evil, unnatural acts. On three occasions we see the procedure involved in administering death by electrocution, a witnessed event in which certain words are spoken, restraints are attached to the victim, and levers are pulled. It is at this point that we grasp the analogy of the quintessential victim of the death penalty of all time -- someone who performed miracles, who was condemned of something that he did not do, and who forgave those whose interpersonal relations are based on hate rather than love. Analyze one element of film analysis Within individual scenes, Richard Francis-Bruce's editing is precise in obtaining maximum values however there are scenes which could have been edited further. All of the performances, from the leads down through David Morse's laconic prison guard, Doug Hutchison's hateful and mulish one, and Bonnie Hunt's

Recycler Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Recycler - Essay Example Based on the importance of trees to our environment, and the little being done by the responsible entities to protect the trees, my friends and I have developed a recycling method. One of the greatest damages to trees involves their use in charcoal burning and for use of other posts such as fencing poles. In an urge to curb the damage of trees in charcoal burning and building posts, we have come up with an idea of recycling used plastics and polythene bags in order to make fencing posts out of them. Used plastics and polythene bags are matter that usually makes the environment dirty and finding an appropriate means of disposal that would protect the environment was the best alternative. After collection of the waste plastics and bags, we then subject them through a process of melting then pouring the melt into metal containers designed in different shapes and sizes depending on the purpose of the posts. Despite the fact that this has not eradicated the falling of trees for making posts, it has significantly reduced the damage done on trees and we project that in the next five years we shall have fully eradicated the

SUMMARY Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

SUMMARY - Coursework Example By 1935, prior to the acquisition of the farm, the number of nesting pairs of sandhill cranes in Wisconsin were 25. This was one of his major concerns and he thereby corresponded with people in Wisconsin that have knowledge of sandhill cranes. The collective effort of Leopold and his colleague has yielded positive fruits as there are 12,000 sandhill cranes in Wisconsin as of today. Prior to Leopold acquisition of the farm, there were no otter neither was there wolves spotted on the farmland. These extirpated wildlife has made a comeback. Lutra Canadensis has reappeared and there are otter in the otter pond. Likewise is the presence of radio-collared wolves noticed in the farmland. Leopold benefited from his ecological restoration of an insignificant farmland. For instance, from an insignificant tree oak Leopold got firewood, exercise, family teamwork, and a history lesson. Leopold also preserved the economically worthless Draba by avoiding the planting of pines in area that favors th e growth of these plants. The planting of 48,000 pines in thirteen years, indeed, demonstrates Leopold commitment to ecological restoration. ... The International Crane Foundation works towards the preservation of the world’s fifteen species of crane and towards the protection of crane habitat. Leopold through his writing and experiment at the abandoned farmland has built a legacy for himself. In the forestry community, Leopold is highly regarded. For instance, the idea that landowners are responsible to the land is attributed to Leopold. Despite his lesser influence in Britain, Leopold is still known among British restorationists. The Leopold farmland is a pilgrim center that means different things to different people The resultant relationship between humans and the environment leads to the ecology not mending itself. Left alone, ecology restores itself but human interaction prevents this restoration. .Question 2 Although, A Sand County Almanac contains no panaceas, no blueprints for mass action, it has planted the seed of ecological responsibility and land ethics in me. I now understand that I own ecology a duty in helping to preserve it and keeping it healthy not only for posterity but for my own benefit. I also now understand that land is not a property to be used but my partner in the food chain. It has instilled in me the intellectual and emotional altitude to preserve all of nature. The whole concept is ethics. Ecological ethics is the intellectual and emotional altitude that restricts our freedom of action in the struggle for existence. As opposed to philosophical ethics, there is no concept of social or anti-social behavior rather it is a mode of guidance that direct our use of natural resources such as land. An ethical human being does not regard land as his property rather as part of his existence. Land ethic revert the role of Homo sapiens as landowner or conquerors to

Models of change | Free essay | Management essays

Models of change | Free essay | Management essays Models of Change Throughout the last decade there have been numerous changes and developments in the way we manage work. From the classical era Frederick Winslow Taylor introduced the scientific approach, often criticized for the lack of scientific rigor and one dimensional view of human motivation (Burnes 1989; Kelly, 1982). Rose (1988) argues, that Taylor portrays human beings as greedy robots: indifferent to fatigue, boredom, loneliness and pain, and driven solely by monetary incentive. However, Taylor does not ignore the fact that individuals have different abilities. He was quick to point out that not everyone was capable to work in a scientific one best way, and that individuals needed to be selected on their ability to work hard and in accordance with instruction (Linstead, Fullop Lilley, 2009). It would be wrong to say that Taylorism or scientific management is a thing of the past, these theories are alive today. Giving strength to the French proverb The more things change, the more they stay the same, Burkard Sievers (1995) argues that changes in the structure of work, such as Taylorism job specification / simplification, have deskilled many jobs and made work meaningless. He goes on to state, we only need to look at McDonalds, behind the strong family image of the company, both internally and externally and the importance of team membership, is a highly Tayloristic organization which studies have demonstrated depend on a high proportion of expendable part-time and contract labour and a punitive control system. Taylors view was to achieve the highest productivity you had to follow one best way which was subject to rigorous control, however, Elton Mayos experiences in the Hawthorne Works Experiments disproved those beliefs. The experimenters at Hawthorne had discovered that teaching employees to become a team rather than inflicting one best way also had a strong influence on productivity. Also the employees would have the opportunity to vary their work methods, avoiding boredom. Unlike Taylorism, the employees at Hawthorne had a great deal of freedom in comparison. These experiments lead us to the humanistic management approach, where changes were being implemented in consideration for the working environment for its employees with the aim to be more productive. In 1951 saw the introduction of Kurt Lewins three step model for change. This theory set out to answer the questions How does successful change happen? (Comparison of Change Theories, 2009) The key was to see that human change, whether at the individual or group level, was a profound psychological dynamic process that involved painful unlearning without loss of ego identity and difficult relearning as a cognitive attempt to restructure ones thoughts, perceptions, feelings and attitudes. (Change Management, 2009) Unlike previous theories which looked at how we approach the way we work, Lewin looked at how we implement the changes in how we work, devising the three step approach set out below. Unfreezing Changing to overcome the pressures of both individual resistance and group conformity. Movement A change process that transforms the organization from the status quo to a desired end state. Refreezing Stabilizing a change intervention by balancing driving and restraining forces. (Robbins, fig 19.3, 2009) The introduction of this new way of thinking is regarded to be the corner stone model for understanding organizational change and also the beginning of Organizational Development (Understanding the Three Stages of Change, 2009). Our existence is defined by the fact that we have to shape our lives to fit reality. In the sense that there are universal constants we have to make the best of, like a finite amount of resources or physical laws. Our final aim is to reach a point where we can shape the organisation to fit our lives. Which begs the question; if we achieve this what will we do then? This is why we have culture. To do something is not an end in itself. We need culture to reflect on how we managed to change something and how it changed us and what we need to change for the future.

Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing Essays -- Standardized Testing E

The United States recognizes that standardized testing is a central part of the educational system in our country. What many people do not know though is the history of where it came from. Beginning in the mid-1800’s prestigious universities decided they wanted to give more students across the country a better chance at going into higher education, but at the time there was not a way to measure the capabilities of students in both high class and low class families. This is how standardized testing came into play. If a student could do well on these tests regardless of their financial position than their scores would hopefully speak for themselves. Now standardized testing performs many more roles compared to its simple origins. In today’s society standardized tests not only indicates the capabilities of the students, but they also show how much they have learned, and the results can even decide how much funding a school will receive. Due to these factors, a tremendous amount of pressure is put upon both students and teachers. For students the pressure is mainly to do well, and for teachers the pressure is primarily to teach your students well enough to perform their best. These requirements have become an integral part of what shapes the classroom mold. The goal of schooling is no longer to just teach, but is now also to prepare students for taking exams. One argument that has become prevalent is the debate of whether or not standardized testing should be used at all. Ultimately this is a personal decision; there is no right or wrong answer considering that an argument could be made for either side. One thing that is for certain though is that there has to be some standard for determining a student’s abilities in school. Th... ...Tests." ProCon.org Headlines. N.p., 1 Nov. 2014. Web. 30 Nov. 2014. Tennant, Victoria. "School of Education at Johns Hopkins University-The Powerful Impact of Stress." School of Education at Johns Hopkins University. John Hopkinds School of Education, Sept. 2005. Web. 01 Dec. 2014. "The Human Brain - Stress." The Human Brain - Stress. The Franklin Institute, 2004. Web. 29 Nov. 2014. Tung, Stephen. "News." Stanford University. Stanford, 20 Jan. 2012. Web. 29 Nov. 2014. "Where Did The Test Come From?" PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 22 Nov. 2014.